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ืชื’ ืž8ืž1.ืŸ ื—ืืคื•1ื•ืžืชืž1ื ืฆ 41,ื“1611ื 6ืชืข2ืขืž8ืž/2ืข21ืขืค ืืข ืฆืข1ืค 


1 +ืก ื–ืื• 


2 4ื22/,2ื’) ืื˜ 11+,/,ื60ืื˜ 


ื™ืข 
4 ื˜ 


67 710ื’10 


2 


ื ื•ื ืืช) 8608 ืžืคื•ืคืกื ืฆ,41,ื41160ื 


ืค5ื“ื–ื“ืขืคื˜ืข1,8559861ื , 51 111 ื’, 


ืื˜ ื“ืืขืก ืฆืกืกื ืชืžืคื ืกื˜ืคื ืฆ 41 ื10ื“ืข, ื 
ืคื“ื“ืขืคื˜4-4 ,59 1ื , 1ื“ืค ืขื˜ 1ื“ ื“ืข 


60 881124ืž19110ืคืกื ืฆ | 250-4900 413 


)ืชืข0ืก. ืžืข ื•ื™ืืข6ืืฆ0ืก80ืžื’ืค1ื ืกืž1ืฆ. ืฆื™ืขืœืขืฅ 


ืขืชื“ ืชืกืข ืกืคืื–ืกืคืชืืฉ? ืขืก ืŸื,ื–ื 
ืฆืชืข4ื ืชืž1ืŸ1 ืชืค1ื•ืžืžื ืฆ }ื’,;11ื˜ืกื•1ื ืกืชืข8 ืŸืขืค ืืง ืฆ4ืข1ืค 


;ืฆื ืคืขืคื•ื ืฆืกืขืข ,ืœืข 


4 1 01960ื˜) .ื 1006 1 

1 1ื–ื˜06ืฅื˜) 106 67 4716/ 
/ื“111ื–ื–ื1 11811ื˜711ื‘) ื–ื–ื•ืกื ื•ื–ืฉ6ืค 1116 
101111601101 1 ื–111/50//10 .ื ื—ื–ื—ื˜ื–ืกื ื”ื•ื— 100016 
8160 208 
06 +ื–6ื˜10 
1ืก1011110011 16/3008 151911160118 
0561 .ื›ืŸ /161 

1010111115/6 800 614 5001 
101111601101 679ื˜0111/'ืฉ 160116116 8114 /ืจื–ื–ื”ื‘ืŸ 
2 ืขืก ืคืžืชืื˜ื–ืืฅ ืกื ืคึผืžืชืขืžื–ืืชื–ื ื–ื 
ื–6116) 000 310615/1 8 1101 


{ืกืกืชืฅืค 1201010021 8 68000/4.18ืงืŸ 201060 ืขืก ,6ื˜ื—ื˜ 6ืฐ00/66 ืกืช 1 
ื–ืกื–1 002068 ืชืกืชืง010ืก ืขื˜ืก ืข10 ืชืกื—ื”ื–1ืงืคืช1 ืกืช 1 . ืฉ016811014 100150 04 
.151261 ,0ื–16:05216 }0 1ืช11202 600161/' 2084 0ืก1ืกืช 406 ืฉื˜ 4692 8 


1285 /?ื–ืกืงืŸืกืขื ืง 4611606021ืช1 ืกืช8 +12ืขืฅืขืงืกืก 106 16506048 /6016-) 8008 ืช310015 21ืช14210 ืกืช 1 
ืชื–ื’ืžื ืกืก ืกืกื˜ืง ืกื—} ืช1 /6ื—614 18 4106 415 ,1606ื˜ืฉืกืชื ืขื˜ืก 04 0684 106 10 .ืคืืกืกื˜ ;ื˜ืก ืชื– 
-1460414160 06 ื’ืก ื–106ืก0 124ืขืฅืขืงืกืก +ืชืกืขื–ื˜ืก ืกืช ื—ืก1ืชื˜ืฆ 104 ืืขืกื˜ืฅ ืชื’ืืงื–ืก ืชื’ 15 +1 ืขืก 
-- 0068 ืกืชื˜ื– ืฉืฉืกื—ื ื˜ืกืฅ 14 ืขืก - ืฆืขืกื˜ืฆ 4018 0 +18ืฆืฅืงืกืก 6ืข2061 ืชื’ 0(ืกืช ื˜ืกืฅ 1 
.18061ื˜0ืฅ8ืข01981121110 21 11ื’ืชื–ืก ืฆื˜ ืขืก ,153ื 413-256-4900 24 ืกืชืกืชืง ืขื˜ 5ื˜ 024204ืก 16256ืงืŸ 


ื‘ึผืจืื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ 


ืžืขื›ื˜ื‘ืขืจ : , ื‘ืขืกื˜ืจืึทื‘ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ", 1937 


ื”ืึธืœืฆืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 


ื”ืขืœืขืŸ ืฐืขืกื˜ ื”ืขืœืขืจ 


ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึทื’ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ื•ื™ืœ, ื ื™ื• ื™ืึธืจืง, 1942 


ืจ ื”ืขื•ื•ื•ืชื•ื˜ืืข 


ืืข ื“ื•ืก ืขื– ื–ื–ืฆืคึฟืืฉื™0ืชื) 


ื™ืฐ68061120 ื•ื ื˜ืช ืฆื™ื• 


7 ื•ืื–ืกืฅ ืื˜ื "05ื—ืกืค 80/80ื–805:8" :01 ื–ืกื—ื–ื˜ื/ 


ืฅื˜ 8ื•ื•ืก4ืกืกืฉื‚ื“ 
8110 0684 ืฉื˜ ืžืืกื•ืกืฆื” 


2 ื•ืื–ืก ืืก ,5626 0210 {ืก +ืฐืคื•ื–ืฅืžืกืก 


2 ,ืช ื–ื–ื–ืฉืคืืฉื™ืกื—ืื 46 ื–ืง 
ื™ื™ 


ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ 


ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืขืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื’ื•ืจื™ืฆืข 


ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข, ืขื ื˜ืจืข-ืจื™ืขืก, 
ืื™ื– ืึทืฐื•ืขืง ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืขืจืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืข ื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืขืก, โ€ 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืฑืขืจื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸืคึผืขืจืœ. 


ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืคืึทืจืึทื‘ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐื•ืึทืจืฆืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืึทืคึฟืŸ, + 
ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืขืจ 
ืื•ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. 


ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ, 

ืฆื•ื ื–ืขืจ, ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข -- ืคืึทืจืคึผืึทืงื˜, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜. 


ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข ืฉืžื˜ื™ื‘ืขืจ, 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืœืึทืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทืžื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืŸ. 


(ืŸ 


ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืขื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืจื•ืคื˜ ื‘ืึทืจืึธืŸ ื“ืข-ื”ื™ืจืฉ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืขืจ -- ืคืขืจื“-ื’ืขื”ื™ืจื–ืฉ. 


ืจื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ืึทื“ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืœืŸ ืขืจื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืง ื’ืจื™ื ืข, 
ืคืขื˜ืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ -- ืงื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจื“, - 


ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึทืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื ื•ืจื™ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื›ืึทื™ืขื˜, 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, 
ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืฒื™ืขื. 


ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืฉืขืฃ, 
ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืจื“, 
ืกืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืึธื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื™ืฉืขื•ื• -- 
ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื™ืจ ืื™ื™ืœืŸ ืขืจื“, 


ืœื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืจืข-ืจื™ืขืก, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืึทืจืึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืข ื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืขืก, 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ืขื”ื™ื™ื. 


41 


ืคึผืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื 


ื•ื™ ืงึฐืœื™ื™ืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืกึฐืŸ ืืก ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืขืฉื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฑื™ืจืขืก, | 
ืฐื™ ื’ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืฅ ื˜ื™ื– ืืฒื’ืืฒื’ืฆื™ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืกึฐืœืึธืœ, 

ื“ืึธืš ืจื™ื•ื™ืง ื–ืฒื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืงืึทืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ืกื™ืกืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ืื” ื”ื˜ึธืคืขืจื“ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืจ. 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื•ืฐื•ืขืœืฃ ืกื•ื’ื–ื'ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืจื˜ึทืคืŸ ืžื•, 
ื ืขืคึผืึธื›ืขืก ื’ืึทื ืฆึทืข ืœื™ืขื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืžืŸ ืงืกื•ืืจืฅ, 

ื˜ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื ืึทืฐืึทื“ืข ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืงืขื’ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ืœืฒื“ืคึผื•ืœืข ื’ืขืฉืึธืžืข ื’ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืžืขืจืก ืฐืื•ื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึทืจืฅ. 


ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืึธืจืง ืึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืกืจื™ื™ืคืข-ืฉืจืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•-ืึทืคึผืœื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืœืืกื˜ืŸ ืึทืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก -- 

ื”ืึธื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ืžื˜ืขืจ-ืžืจื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืจืึธื˜ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืœืข ืฐืึทืกืขืจ-ืคืœื•ืกืŸ, | 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืฉืฐื•ืึทืจืฆืกื˜ืข ืฉืžืขื’ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืขืจ-ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื’ืขืฉืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ-ืฉื˜ืขื ืงืจืึทื›ืŸ, 
ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืžืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ. 


ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ-ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ื“ื ื™ืขืกืžืขืจ, 

ื“ื™ ืžื•ื˜ื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœืขื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื•ื ืึทื™, 

ื“ื™ ืฉืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ื™ืื, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืกืคืึธืจ, ืึทื“ืจื™ืึทื˜ื™ืง, 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืœื™ืฐื•ืขืจ-ืคึผื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื™ืึทื, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืžื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืœืึทื ื˜ื™ืง, 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืกื˜ืึทื ืฆืึท, ืกื˜ืึทืžื‘ื•ืœ, ืึทื˜ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืืคึผืึธืœ, / 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึทืกื™, ื•ื•ืืจืฉืข, ืคึผืจืึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœื™ืŸ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื ืขื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืื ื“ืขืจ-ื•ื•ืขื’? 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœืื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื? 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ืื˜, 

ืึท ื™ืขื“ืข ืื•ื™ืคื ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึธืจืขืก-ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 


ื ืœืŸ 


ื•ื™ ืคื™ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึทืงืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึทื›ื˜-ืฉื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื ืขืžืจื™ื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจื˜ ืงื™ื ื“-ืื•ืŸ-ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึตืฃ ืคึผืขืจื™ื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืง, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ืœื™ื ื -ืื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืึธืจืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื™ืขื›ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืžืคื™ืงืขืจ ืกื™ืจืขื ืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธืœื™ื’ืขืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืึทื ืงืขืจ-ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“-ืื•ืŸ-ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฆืขืงืœื™ืžืคึผืขืจื˜. 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจ-ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื›ืขื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืกื ื™ื™ ืฆืขืฉื•ื™ืžื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื–ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืœื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื-ื ืจื•ื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืžืขืฉื•ื ืขื ืข ื’ืขืฉืคึผืขื ืกืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ-ืฐื•ืึทืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขืฐืึทื ืขื™ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื‘ืœืขื–ืœืž 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืจืึธืกืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ 

ืฆืขืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขื ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฆื•ื™ื ืŸ ืึทืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ืข-ืคืึทืœื“ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืขืจืขื ืึทื“ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืงืฅืข ื™ืึทื-ื‘ืึทืœืึทื“ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“-ืื•ืŸ-ืœื™ื™ื“-ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืกื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืŸ -- 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืฆืึธืก ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ื“ื•ื–ืขืฐืฐื•ืขื˜ืข ืงืขืœืขืจืจ-ื‘ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขืงืšื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื ื•ืจืขื˜ืข, ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ืข, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืึธืจ ืคื•ื– ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข, ืคืึทืจื™ืึธืกืขืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฐืึธื’ืœื˜, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืึธ ื”ืึทืœื™ื™ื•ื™ืก ื™ืึธืก-ืœื™ื“ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜. 


81ืŸ 


ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ 

ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืข ืžื™ืœืš ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืข ืžืึทืžืขืฉืข ื ื™ืคึผืœืขืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึทืœืฆืขื ืข ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืึธืกืขื ืข ื˜ืึทื˜ืขืฉืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืคืœื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 

ื“ื™ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ื“ืขืžื‘ืขื ืข ืžื•ืœืžืขืจ 

ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื’ืœ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื›ื™ื˜ืขื’ืขื™ืึทืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืกื™ืกืขื™ื ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ 

ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืงืึธืคึผื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื’-ืœื™ื“. 


ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืฉืŸ ื ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื’ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ-ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื. 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืœื™ื ืขื ืข ื‘ืœื™ื˜ืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ -- ื’ืจื•ื™-ื’ืจื™ื ืข ื•ื™ ื’ืึทืœ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืžืŸ --- ืฆืขืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ื•ื™ ื‘ืจืึทื ื“. 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืจื•ื™ื, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืœืงื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึธืœืขื ืข ืจื•ื™ื‘-ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฉื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ืž ืจื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืœ, 

ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกืจื™ื™ืคืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื–ื•ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธืง-ื˜ืจืึทื ืฉื™ื™ืขืŸ -- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืจื•. 


{ืคืŸ 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืขืจื•ื ื’ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ. 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฑื‘ืขืจ-ืคืึทืจืคึผืขืกื˜ืขืžืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ืคื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืข-ื’ืขื˜ืจืื ืง 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืข ื ืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื™ ืฉืึทืงืึทืœืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื ื™ืžืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืฆื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืžื™ืงืข ืจื™ื™ื“. 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืืฑื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ -- ื ืฉืœืื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืœื™ืกืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืจืคึผืงืข ื“ืขืœื•ื–ื™ืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. 


ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜-ืคืขืœื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื˜, 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ --- ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื’, 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืŸ. 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื“ืœ ื’ืขืคึผืึทืœืžืขืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื‘ืึทื ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฐืึทื ืข, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ. 

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืก -- ืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ื˜ืขื ืขื ืื•ื™ืคืจื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจืคึผื™ื“ืึธืฉืŸ ืžื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฐืึทืœื™ืงืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืขืœืขืจืฉืŸ ื–ืฉื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึทืžื™ืงืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืึทืคึผื ืขืœื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ. 


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ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืึท ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื–ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึธื•ื•ืœ 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืคืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆืึทืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ื•ืจืขืžืก ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื‘ืึท ืื•ื ื– ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื–ืœ ื‘ืื ื™ืึทื ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืึทื ื™ื˜-ืคึผืึทืœื™ืกืึทื“ืŸ 
ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ-ืกื™ื ื ืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืจื•ื›ืขืจื˜ืข ืกืคืขืจืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžืึธ-ืžืึทืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทื˜ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืžื•ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทืฉืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขืก ืึทืจืฑื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคืึธืจื™ื 

ื“ื™ ืขืคึผื™ืฉืข ื–ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ืึทืžืึธืœ, 

| ื“ื™ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืงืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืจ-ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืœื“ื˜ ื”ืึธื›ื‘ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฐืึธื ืขืก ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•. 
ื–ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืคึผืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜. 
ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธื’ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจ, 
ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ. 


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ืึธ, ืคืจื™ื™ื—ื™ื™ื˜-ื’ืขืžื™ืŸ, ืืฃ ื˜ื•ืจืขื ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืึธืจืงืขืจ ื”ืึทืคืŸ, 

ื•ื•ืื• ืก'ื’ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืึธื“ืกืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืกื˜-ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงืขืึทืŸ, 
ื—ืึทืœื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคืœืึทืžื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืงืœ, 
ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฆืจืขืก ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืฐืึทืกืขืจ-ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื–ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ื ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืข, 

ืึท ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ื›'ืก ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ, 

ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื“ืขืก ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทืจืขื™ืŸ, 

ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืžืึธืœืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืกืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื™ื–ืขืจ ื’ื™ืกืขืจื™ื™ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืข ืงืึธืžื•ื ืึทืจืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืึท ืฉืžืึธืœืฆืข ืฉืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืื•ื™ืกื ื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืขืฅ, 
ื ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึทื ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึทืžืขืŸ, 

ื ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืžืขืŸ, 

ืคืึทืจ ืฉืฐื•ืึทืจืฆืข ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืงืŸ -- ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜-ื–ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก. 
ื ืึธืจ ืคืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ื›ืก ื”ืขืจืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœื™ืžื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ืŸ, | 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืคื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืžืข ื™ืึทื-ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืื• ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืก ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ื ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืขืก ื›ื™ื™ืœ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ-ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ, 


1 


ื ืึธืจ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื‘ืึท ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื–ืŸ-ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจืคื•ืจื›ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืก ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืขืก ื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ, ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขืฉืึทื ืง 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืึธืจืงืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืึทืœืขืงื˜ืŸ 

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื-ื ืขื–ืึทื ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืึท ืœืขืงืกื™ื ื’ื˜ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธื ืงืขืจ-ื”ื™ืœ, 
ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืคึผืขืจืก ืคืขืจื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ืขืจืึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜-ื–ื™ื’ ืืฃ ื’ืขืžื™ืกื‘ื•ืจื ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคืืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ืคืึธื ืขืŸ, 
ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉืึทืกืขื ืข ืื•ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจืฑื›ืขืจื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื˜ื•ื ืงืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ-ืžืื˜. 


ืื™ื– ื ืขืก-ื–ืฉืข ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜-ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐืึธื ืœ-ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืคื™ืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™. ื ื™ื• ื™ืึธืจืงืขืจ ื ืึทืกืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื– ืื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืข ื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืจื•-ืคึผืœืึทืฅ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, 

ืึธ, ื–ืึธื’, ืฐื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ื ืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืึทืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื“ืกืึธืŸ --- 
ืคึผืึทืจ ืงื ืึธืกืคึผืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื“ืึทืœื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, 

ืคืึทืจ ืคึผืึทื–ืฉื™ืžืงืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœื 'ืก ืฆืฑื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืฐืึทืœื“, 

ืคึผืึทืจ ื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ื ืขืŸ-ื˜ืจื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืึทืจืึทื‘ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื‘ืขืก ืฆืึทืจื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข-ืœืื ื“, 


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ื‘ ืจ ืึท ื ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ื’ืขืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ ื‘ืจืึทื’ื“ื™ืง ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ื™ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ื˜ืฐื™ืœ-ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจืขื:ืžืึธืœืฆืฒื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื’ืขืฉืœื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึทืจืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ืคื”ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ื˜. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืจ" ื˜ื•ืจ ืฆื˜ื˜ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืก ื™ืืจ ืืœืฒืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจืขืกืจื•ื˜ื™ืจื˜ 
ืื˜ ืึทืฐืขืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืœืฐืขืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ืกื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืกืœืึธืก, 
ืื˜ ืกื™ื—ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒืข ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืื•ื• ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืฒืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืึธืจื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธืก. 


14 ืžื•ื•ื˜ืขืจ- ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืฉื˜ืขืจ-ื˜ื•ืจืฉืึทืคื ื“ืข ื“ืขืงืึธึทื“ืข, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฆืฒื˜ื™ื˜ื˜ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื˜ืึทืจื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“, 
ืึท ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืขื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึธื˜ืึทื“ืœืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืก ื”ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืœื“ื˜, 


= -ื• 


ื‘ ื 


ืึท, ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœ, ืœื™ื‘ืข ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืึทืฉื ืข ืžืึทืžืข, 

ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื›ืขื. 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืœืข ื™ืืžืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืŸ , ื™ืขื ืงื™ืก" ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผืขืžืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืžืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืœืึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืจืฆื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ, 

ื‘ื™ื–ืกื˜ื• ื ืึทืš ืึทืœืฅ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืข ืžืึทืžืข, 

ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืžืขื. 


ืึธ, ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืžืึธื˜, ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข, 

ืืฃ ืขื•ื•ืขื ื™ื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืžืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ืข, 

ืืฃ ื’ืึทื ื™ืงืขืก, ืึทืฃ ืจืึธื ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฃ ืžืจืขืคึผ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืŸ: 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ืžื•ืจื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ืœืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืข, 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื“ืึธืœื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ืข, 

ื“ื™ ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืึทืจืึทื‘ื™ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืค, 

ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื ื™ืงืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืžืึทืจื ืึทืŸ. 


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ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืฉื›ื™ื˜ืข ืึธืจืขื 

ืึทืจืฑืกื ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉ ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืœืึทืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืกืึธืกื ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข 
ื‘ืึท ืจืึทื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืœืึทื ืฆื˜. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžืึทื›ื ืขืกืฐื™ื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืงืขืึทืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื‘ืข ื–ื•ืžืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทืจืกื™ 

ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฆืขืžืึทื ืฆื˜. 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื ื ื“ืจื™ืœ ืึท ืฐื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทืฃ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธืœื™ื’ืขืคืœืึทืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื ื’. 

ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ 

ืึทืฃ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ-ืฉืœืืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืฐื™ืœ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. - 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืึธื˜ื™ืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืฉืขื ืข ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฆืŸ, 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืจื•ืง-ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืœืฆื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืงืœืึทื ื’ 

ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื—ื™ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ: 
ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืงืขืžืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜'ืก ืึธืจื˜ !" 


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ื•ืข ื› ืฆืŸ 


ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื–ืขื›ืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœื“ื™ืงืข ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจืฒื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ืึท ืงืœื•ืžื™ืงืœ ืึทืŸ ืึทื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื ื™ืคึผื˜ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึทืคึผืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ-ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึทื‘ืขืจ-ืžื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื›ืจืึธืžืึธื•ื•ืข ืฉืžื™ื•ื•ืœืขื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืžื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทืœื’ื™ืฉืข ืึดืฃ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืฉืข ืึทืกืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื•ื™ืžื˜ืข ื‘ื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืขื–ืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืฃ ืžืึทืฉื™ื ืขืŸ; | 
ื“ืขื ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืขื ืขื ื’ืขืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืขื ืข ืึทืฃ ื‘ืจื™ืงืŸ-ืฉืคึผืึทืœืŸ; 
ื“ืขื ืคื™ื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ-ืกืขื’ืœืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ-ื›ืึธืœืขืœ;- 
ื“ืขื ื’ืฐืึทืœื“-ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื˜ืŸ-ืฉื˜ืึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ื•ื™ื’ื ืก; 

ื“ืขื ืœื™ืคึผืŸ-ืฉืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืขืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ืคืžืŸ-ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืขื–. 


ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜-ืฉื•ืœ. 


ืคื™ืจ ื™ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืึทืฃ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜-ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืึทื ืง. 
ืขืก ืคืึทืจืงื ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. 


ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึธืœืขื ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื ื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืฆื•ื ื’. 


ืฆืขืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืง ืฐืึธืจื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืฐื•ืขืจื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืœืึทืคึผืœื“ื™ืง ืึธืจื˜. 


ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคึผื™ื˜ืงื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืึธืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึทืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื. 


ื‘ื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ืึท ืึทืŸ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ, 
ื•ื•ืื• ืขืก ืคื™ื ืงืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ: ,ืึทื›ืฆืฑื™ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง-ืคื™ืจ". 


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ืจ ืึทื ื›ื™ืŸ 


ื“ืขืจ ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขืš ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื›ืœื™ืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ืขืฉื•ื•ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ืฉืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื-ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืึธืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืึท ื‘ืœื•ื“ื ืขื ื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึท ืึทืŸ ืืฑืคึผื’ืขืคึผืจืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ 
ืฆื• ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืŸ 

ืึทื– ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜, ืื™ ืžื™ื“, ืื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง, ืื™ ื ืึทืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื•ืžืขืจ , ืึทื›ืฆืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง-ืคื™ืจ". 


ืื™ืŸ ,ืึทื›ืฆืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง-ืคื™ืจ" ืื™ื– ื˜ื•ืžืœื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ ืคืึทืจื ืึทืกืขื ืข ื–ื™ื™ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 

ื•ื•ืื• ื“ื•ืจืš ืกื˜ืขื ื’ืขืก ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก ืจื•ื™ืš 

ืคื™ืœ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ืžื•ื™ืœ : 

ื™ืึธืกืœ, ืฉื™ืžืงืข, ื›ืึทื™ื, ืกืึทืœ, ืื™ื˜ืงืข, ื‘ืขืœ, 

ื‘ื•ืฉืงืข, ื’ืขืจืฉืŸ, ืžื™ื ื™, ืคื™ื™ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทื ืฑืš. - 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืžืึธืœ : --- , ื“ืึธื ื›ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜!" 

ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืœื™ืึทืกื˜ืจืขื“ื™ืง ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึทืคึผืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืฉืžื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžืึทืžืข-ืœืึธืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื™ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืขืจืึธืื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื•ื•ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื™ืขื ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ื ืขืก ืฆืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงืจืึทื›ื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจืึธื ืขืฐื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึทืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทืคึผืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜-ืึทืจืžืฒ ื‘ืึทืฐืึทื›ื˜ืข. 


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ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ 


ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื–ืึธ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. 


ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื›ืึทืฐื™ื™ืจื™ื ื’ืขื”ืื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ื›ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. 


ื›'ืงื•ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืš-ื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืจ, 
ื›'ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžื›ืึธื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–, 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ืขืจ, 

ืื™ื– ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื --- ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ื : 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืขืŸ; 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ื”ืึทืจื™ืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืก; 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืžื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืขืŸ; 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืคืจืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืก. 


ื™ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืื•ื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘-ืžืึทืฉื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืคืึทืจื˜ืึทื›ืœืขืฐืข ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทืคึผื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ืขืŸ 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืื• ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ. 


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ืค ื™ื™ ื’ืœ 


ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื ืึทืœื™ืขื•ื•ืงืขืก, 
ื ืึทืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผืงืข, ืฉืขื ื˜ืึธืงืฉื™ืกืงืข, 
ืžืจืึทื ืŸ ืคึผืึทื ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, 
ื’ืขื ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื™ืกื˜ืงืข. 


ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“-ืžืขื“ื™ื ืข 
ืžื• ืื™ืš ืœืขื›ืขืœืขืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฉืœื™ื™ืคืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืึธืจื’ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืจื™ื™ืคืŸ, 


ื›'ื‘ืขื ืง ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ืจืžืขืจ ื•ืืจืฉืข, 
ื›'ื‘ืขื ืง ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจืข ืฆืึทืจืžืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– , ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง - ืคื™ืจ" 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ. 


ื’ืขืจืฉืŸ 


ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขืจืฉืขื“-ืฐื•ืึทืœื“ 

ื•ื•ืื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข -- ืฉืœืึทื ืงืขืจ ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืจืขืฆ'ื ื’ืึธืœื“. 


ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ-ื˜ื›ื™ื ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืฐื ืžื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขืž. 


ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคึผืœื™ื•ืฉืงืขื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื›ืœ, 
ื•ื•ืื• ืึท ืฐืึทืœื“-ืงื™ื ื“ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึทืจื•ื 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ-ืฉื˜ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื›ืœ, 


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ื‘ื•ืฉ ืง ืข 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึธืจืŸ-ื‘ืœื™ืžืœ 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืขื ืคึผืึทืคึผืฉืฑื™, 
ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืกืึธืžื™ื-ืคืœืขืฉืœ, 
ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™, 


ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ -- ืžืขื“ ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขื ื“ื ื™ืขืกื˜ืขืจ โ€ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืึทื”ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ -- 

ื ืฆืึทืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ., 


ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืงื ื™ืคึผืœ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืœื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜. 


ื” ื™ ื™ ืž ืึท ืŸ 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืงืึทืœืฐืขืจื™ืขืจ 

ืึธื›ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ , ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ", 

ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืžื™ื™ ืึท ืงืึทืœืฐืขื›ืฑืžืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ. 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ืขืฉื™ื•ื•ืข 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืจืคื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ 
ืฆื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืฉื•ืจืข-ื’ืจื™ืกืœ, 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ืกื˜ 
ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื’ืขืžื‘ืข-ืฉืึทืœ, 
ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืึตืฃ ืคึผื™ื˜ืงื™ืšื’ืืก -- 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ื•ื™ืœืขืจ ืœืึทื˜ืึทืœ, 


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ืคื•ืœื™ืข 


ื‘ ืขืœ 


ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ืžื™ืง 

ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื˜ืขืคึผ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขื˜ืœืขืจ'ืก ืงืœื™ื ื -ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ืจืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข ืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 


ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืึดื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทืฉื™ืง 
ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืขืคึผืขืจืฉืข ืคึผืึทืจืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทืงืขืก ืึทืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“ 

ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื ื–ื™ืš ื™ืึธื’ืŸ. 


ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืกื™ืง 
ื•ื™ ื ืงืื‘ืฆืขื ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ืกืึธื ื™ื 

ื‘'ืฉืœืึธื’ ,ืึฟืœืฒื™ื›ืขืžื“ื™ืงืข" ื•ื•ื™ืฆืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™-ื‘ืึทื™, 

ื’ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืขืคึผืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืžื™ื™ื ืก ืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœ, 

ืขืก ืฆื™ื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืกืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ืš 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทื–ื ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ : 

,ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืœืึทื ื’ืข ื˜ืขื’, 

ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืŸ ืึทืฐืึทื“ืข !" 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ืฉืžืึธืœืฅ ืึทืฐืขืง, 

ืคื™ื™ืคื˜ ืึทืฃ ื ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื›ืึทื“ื ืึทื“ื™ืข. 


} { 


ืฉืœื• 


ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, 
ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจื ืึทึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ-ื™ื™ื ื’ืœืขืš --- ืคืจื™ื™ ! 


ื™ืึธื ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ื ืžืึทืจืง - ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, 
ื’ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื ืขืคืœืึทืžื˜ืข ืคืึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ --- ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™. 


ื‘ืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืกืข ืึตืฃ ื“ื™ ื›ืจื•ืงื™ืจื˜ืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ, 
ืึธืคึผื ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™, 
ืงื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ, ื›ืืจืžื™ืฆื•ื•ืข-ื™ื™ื ื ื’ืœืขืš ื“ืจื™ื™. 


--- ื”ืขื™, ืึทืจืฑืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื ืขืŸ, ืฉืงืึธืฆื™ื, 
ืฐืึธืก ืžื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึท ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ ? 
--- ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ-ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื™! 


60 
ืืžืืกื 
ื™ืขื™ืขืžื•ืืฉืฉ. 
= 
ื™ืชื•ื . 
ื™ื 
ืื™ื™ืื•ื˜ 
ืื™ 
ืืž 
ืฉืชืžื  / 
= 
ื•ื˜ ., 
*4 
6 
= 
-= 
ื™ื™ 
- 
= 
- 
- 
+ 
= 
90 


ื 
ื•ื“ืœืฆ ื’ื‘ 


8 


ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขื›ื˜ืŸ 


ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืžื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ: 
-- ื ื™ื˜ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืคืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’ ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืžืึธืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื ื™ื ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ื•ื ื’. 


ืขืจืฉื˜ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™, 
ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื–-ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืึทืจืฉื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื™ -- 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ืœืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก-ืงื™ื ื“. 


ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื™ืึธื ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ : 
-- ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื– ืื™ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื‘ืึท ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ืคึผืึทื ื™ื ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืืฃ ืืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฆืขื‘ื•ื ื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ื‘ืึธื ื™ื. 


ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื  


ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ืžืœื˜ ืœืึทื˜ืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืงืึธืœื“ืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜. 
ื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ-ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื ื“ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืคึผืœืึทืคึผืœื˜ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ื”ืขืคื˜. 


ื“ื™ ืงื ืึธืกืคึผืขื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฆืึทืจืื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื’, 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉื ื™ืคึผืกื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึทืฃ ื’ืึทืก ื‘ืึทื’ืขื ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืฐื™ืœืขืจ, ืคืึทืจื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขื˜, ืคืืจืฉืžื™ื™ืขื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฆื™ืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜. 

ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ืกืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืจืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื–ื™ื™ืขืจื˜, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืจื™ื™ืฆืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–, ื ืึธืจ ื–ืขืžื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, 


|6{ 


ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื™ืื™ืงืข ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืœื“ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื›ืขืจ. 
ืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทื ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื•ื™ืœืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. 


ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื”ืึธืจืŸ ืžืึทื™ืึธืคึผืขืกื˜ ื ื ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ื ืจื™ืงื•ื“ืœ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืœืึธื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืžืจื™ื ืข, 

ืึท ืคึผืึทืจื“ืฐื™ื™ืงืขื˜ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ --- ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ -- 
ืคืึทืจื’ืฒื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืœื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืขืจืœืขืš ื“ื™ื ืข. 


ื˜ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืจืฉืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉืงืจืึธื‘ืขืžืข ื’ื™ื™ืขืจืก, 
ืคืึทืจืฐื•ืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืกืึทืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืกืข ื™ืึธื“ื™ื™ืขื, 

ื“ื™ ืงื•ื“ืœืขืก ืฆืขืคึผืœืึธืกืŸ ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผื™ื™ืขืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืฆืขืกื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ืžืขืจ-ืœืขื›ื™ื™ืขื. 


ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืขืก ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืงืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทืœืข ืึท ื—ืึทืจืฆื™ืง ื ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผื™ื˜ืงื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. 


27 { 


ื–ืข, ื ืึธืจ, ื•ึนืข. + . 


ื‘ื ืจืึธื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ืœืึทื˜ืงืข - ืคึผืึทืจืžื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืกืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืœืึทื ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 8 ืคืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืคึผืกืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ -- ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืจ - ื‘ืœื•ื˜. 


-- ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ ืกืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืึทืจืฆืข ืื•ื™ื ืŸ, 
ื‘ื™ื–ืกื˜ ืึท ืžื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขืš ? 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ, 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ืฉื˜ืขืจืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืงื•ื™ืœืขืš ! 


-- ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืจืฉืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜, 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ? 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื˜ืงืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื›ืžืขืจ, 


ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืžื•ื™ื“ ื ื‘ืจืขืŸ, 
ืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื•ื™ื ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœ - ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. 
ืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืžื™ืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ื ื˜. 


ืงื•ื, ืื™ื˜ืงืข 


ืงื•ื, ืื™ื˜ืงืข, ืฉืคึผืึทืฆื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคึผืึทืจืงืฐืขื™, 
ื•ื•ืื• ืขืก ื‘ืขืจื’ืœืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื˜ืขืคึผื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ืข, 
ื•ื•ืื• ื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึทืจืžืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ 
ื“ืจื™ืžืœื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ื“ื™ื ืข. 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ โ€ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ืื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึธื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืžืœ, 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืœื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืž-ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 


28 { 


ื‘ื™ืœ ืคืึธ ืกื˜ ืขืจ 


ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ื™ื•ื‘ืœืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ื’ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึทื ื˜ืขื• - ืžืึธืœืฆืฒื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฐืึธื›ืŸ. 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจืื ืขืŸ - ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืจืขื“ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื•ื•ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืขื ืคืœื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื ืœ ื‘ื™ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ื ื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื™ืขื ืจื•ื 
ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ืข ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ืŸ, - 


ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืจืขืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ืข 

ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผื•ืš ืืฃ ื ื™ื˜ - ื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜ืข ืงื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืฐื™ืœ - ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 
ืคืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื’ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจ - ืงืจื™ื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืึทืคื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ - ืžื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ 


ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ - ืฉื•ื™ื ืื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ืœ ืคืึธืกื˜ืขืจ, ืฉืœืึทื ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืึทืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ืžืœ ืฉื•ืฉืงืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขืงื˜. 

ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฉื™ืคื ืขืžืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื–ืฑืžื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, | 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฐื•ืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ื‘ืึท ื“ืขื ืงืึทื‘ืฆื 'ืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ - ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ื ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฉืžืขืœืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. 


| 9 { 


6 


ื•ื• 


=ื™ืขืคื˜ 


: 


ื• 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึทืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืฐืึทืœื•ื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืก'ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 
ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืฉืœืึธื ื ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืข ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืฆื™ื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’. 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื ืึทืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื - ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืข ืึทืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉืœืื›ื˜, 
ื’ืขืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื– ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ - ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ 

ืคืึทืจ ืขืจืคื•ืจื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 


ืŸืกืคืŸ 


ืึทืœืžืึท ืžืึทื˜ืขืฃ" 


ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื ืคึผืขืŸื“ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืŸ, 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืจื™ืฉืœื™ื ื’-ืฉื™ืœืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืœืืžื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืฉื•ื•ืขืœืŸ. 


ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ื ื™ื™ืขืก-ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ืข ืœืึทื ื’ืข ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ 
ืื•ื– ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœืข ื–ืฉืžืขื ื™ืขืก 
ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ. 


ื ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœื™ืงืขืจ ื›'ืคึผืœืขื’ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืจื•ืกืŸ. 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึตืฃ ืึทืœืขืจืœืฒ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจืŸ 
ืคืœืขื ื˜ ื˜ื™ื ื˜ ืึทืฃ ื‘ืœืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ. 


ืึท ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ืื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืฉืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ืึทืš ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ , ื˜ื™ืง"-ืžืึทืฉื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกืžืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืžืขืจ -- ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ --- 
ืื™ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ - ืžื™ื™ืกืขืœืขืš ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ื ืขืŸ. 


ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื’ืขืงืœืึทื ื’ ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ื ืึทื›ื˜ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืฆืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจืขื ืึทืฃ ืงืœืึทื•ื™ืจืŸ, 


ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื™ืึธื ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืจื•ืง-ืžืึทืฉื™ื ืขืŸ - 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉืžืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ืจืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืจืึธื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ ื“ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึทื ืขืŸ, 
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื‘ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, 
ื•ื™ ืค'ื’ืึทืจื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื ืึธืš ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ. 


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ืคืžื• ื' 
ื™ื™ 


ื•ื•ื• 


; 


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: : == ื ืื™ 


ื•ื•ื• 


= ื™ 


ื™ื 

ื‘ื™ ื”! /4 

ืจ | ืฉืขืจ 2 ื™ื™ 
4 21 ,ื’ื‘ 


4 


ืขืœื™ ืฉืขืจืฉืขื•ื•ืขืจ 


(ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืขื. 
ื‘ืจืื•ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœืขืจ ื—ืขืœื“ --- ืืœ ื˜ืœืขืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจ) 


ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืจืฒื“ ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืขืŸ 
ืคึผื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ื’ืขืŸ. 


ืฆื™ืขื’ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ื“ื– ื“ืขื ืคื•ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 
ื‘ืขื‘ืœืึธื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืจืคื™ื™ืขืจ, 
ืฆืขืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืฉึดืคึผืจืึทืš ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื’ื˜, 
ืฆืขืคึผืœืึทืกึถืขืจ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ --- ื”ืขืœืขืจ, ืคืจื™ื™ืขืจ. 


ืฆืขืฐื™ืงืœ ืคึผืœืึทืžื™ืง ื˜ื•ื•ื“ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืŸ 

| ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฃ ืฆืขืฉืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืŸ -- 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืก ืžืึธื’ื˜ 
ืคึผืึทืจืœืฑื™ืจืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ึทืœืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 


ื• ( ( ืช โ€ / ืืฆ 
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2 * ื™ื˜ 6 


| ื•ื•ื• ื 


ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืžื™ื™ื ืข, ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ื ื ื›ืึธืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืึธืจืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืœืขื ื“ืขื ื™ืึทื 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ. 


ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื ืง ื ืึธืš ืื™ื, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืžื™ื™ื ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืคืœื•ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 
ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ,ื—ืขืจืฉืœ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ". 


ืขืจ ืฉืžืขืคึผื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืงืึทืžืึทืฉืŸ ืึทืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคึผืึทื‘ืจื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืึธืจืง ; 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืึธืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืึธืจื’. 


ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืžื™ื™ื ืข, ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืขืœื™ื ืงืข, ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกืจืึธืœ 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ื™ืš ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื– ื ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, 

ืึท ืžื™ื™ืกืข ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– 8ืžืึธืœ. 


02 


ืฉืขืจ ืฉืขื•ื• 


ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉืขืจืฉืขื•ื•, 
ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื ื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืจื•ื™, 
ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขื ืงืข ื“ืขื›ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ื ืึธืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™. 


ืคืืจืœืืžื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 

ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขื’, ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืขื›ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฆืึธืœ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืึทื– ื™ืึทื ื˜ืขื•ื• ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคึผืึธืจื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ืฆืขืคื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื›ื˜ืœืขืš-ืงืจื™ืฉื˜ืึธืœ. 


ืคืึทืจืฐื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก, 

| ืคึผืึทืจื›ื•ื™ืฉืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืžืขืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ืขืก, 
ื ืึธืจ ืึทื– ืžืึธืœืฆืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ืขื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื ื˜ืึทืžืขืŸ, 
ืฆืขื–ืžื™ืจืขืกืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ --- ื™ืขืฉื™ืขื. 


ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืขืจื˜, ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, 
ืคืึทืจืฆืึธืจื ื˜, ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืœ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืึทื– ืžืึทื™ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื›ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื’ื ื˜ 
ืฆืขืคืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืขืœ., 


| 6 { 


'ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืขืจ 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ื’ืขืกืœ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึธืกืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 
ื”ืขืจืฉืœ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืึทืฉืŸ-ืฉืžืขืคึผืขืจ, 
ื›ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ ื ืฆืขื’ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืกืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคึผืœืขื ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ืคืŸ -- 
ื”ืึธื ื™ื’ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ืึทืคึผืŸ ื’ื•ืžืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, 
ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,, ื‘ื•ื ื“", 
ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืึท ื“ื™ ,ืกื›ืึธื“ืงืขืก" -- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข, ื•ื•ืขืจ ื ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“, 


ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงืขืžืคืขืจ-ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืกืŸ-ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ -- 
,ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืขืจ", 


571 


ื‘ ืึทืœ ืึท ื“ ืข 


ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 8 ืžื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืขืจืขื˜ื. 

ืขืก ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึท ืื™ื“ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื‘ืจืขื’. 


ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืกื˜ืข ื”ืึทื ืืฑื’ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืึทื›ื˜, 
ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืคึผืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜. 


ื‘ืึท ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืš 
ืฉืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜. 
ืึท ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึทื ืฐืขื˜ 

ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฐืึทืœื“. 


ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืกื˜ืข ื–ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืฉืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจื ื“ืœืขืš ื’ื ืœื•ืกื˜, 


ื‘ืึท ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 
ืค'ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืกืข ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“. 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ื 

ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื›ืึทืกืขื ืข-ืœื™ื“, 


ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืกื˜ืข ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœืขื–ืžืึธืจื™ื ืึทื”ื™ื, 
ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ื‘ืึทื ืžื™ื™ืš 
ืฐื•ืึธื’ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 


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ืฉื™ื™ื ืข - ืื™ื™ื“ืœ 


| ื ืึธึทืš ืœืึทื ื ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืึท ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืฃ ื–ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืคึผืึทืฆื™ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืืฑื™ื’ืŸ 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ-ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืœืข 

ื–ื™ ืฉืœืขืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ืžืจื• ืžื™ื™ื ืขื ืื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจื™ื ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ืŸ. 


ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืžืึธืจื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขืœืข ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืึทืจื˜ืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข - 
ืฆืขืจื˜ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืข ื”ืึธืจ. 


ืจืึธืžืึทื ืก 


ืงื•ื, ืขืก ืจื•ืคื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข, 
ื’ืึธืœื“ืคืœื•ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืžืึทื ื™ืขื, 
ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื˜. | 
ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข ื‘ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืŸ, 

ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ ืœืขื›ืฆืŸ ืฉืžืจืึธืžืขืŸ, 
ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ื ืึทืจื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜. 


ืงื•ื, ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข, 
ื–ื™ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ืžืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜, 
ืื•ืžืจื• ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื, 
ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืš ืึทื ืžืจื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื•ื•ืื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจื‘ืขืก ื“ืจื™ืžืœืขืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜. 


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ืื•ื™, ืึท ื›ืืกืขื ืข .. . 


ืื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ื›ืึทืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, 
ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ --- ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืึทื ื™ื. 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืงืึทืœืข 

- ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื›ืึธืกืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ื™ื. 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืข ืงืœืขื–ืžืึธืจื™ื 
ืคื™ื“ืœ-ืคืœื™ื™ืžืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืขืก 
ื›ื™ื™ื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื ืกื™ืžื›ืข-ืื•ื™ืœืขืš. 


ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ื ื“ืึธึทื•ื•ืขืฅ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจื’ืœืึธืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืกืข ื‘ืึทื“ื›ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืึธืกืŸ-ืงืึทืœืข 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื™ืึทื ื˜ืขื•ื• -- ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทื›ืŸ. 


ืึท ื˜ืึทื˜ื 'ืก ื’ืขืฉืึทื ืง 


ืื™ืš ืฉืขื ืง ื“ื™ืจ, ื”ื™ืจืฉืงืข, ื ื’ืขืฉืึทื ืง, 
ื ืžืึทืžืึธื ืข ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. 
ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ. 


ื’ืขืฉืžืึธืœืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืขื ื™ืฉืข-ืคื™ื™ืขืจ; 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ืžื˜ืจืขืจ; 
ื’ืขืฉืœื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ; 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคื•ื ืง ื‘ืึทื’ืขืจ -- 


ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ื™ืง, 

ืึท ืกื’ื•ืœืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ : 

,ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื›ื“ืขืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœืฑื‘ื™ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืึทื–ืึทืœืฆื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื". 


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ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืก 


ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ื 

ื‘ื ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ, 
ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื—ื™ืจืฉืงืข ืฉื˜ืขืคืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข-ืื™ื™ื“ืœ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื ื ืขืœืขืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื ืœื™ืงื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื™ืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืึธื’ื˜, - 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ืฆืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื˜ืจื™ืงื˜, 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืข ืฉืึทืขืŸ, 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื›ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืœืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื–, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœืขืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื›ืงื™ืจืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒื–, 


ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“ืœ : 
,ื›ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ". .. 
ืคึผืึทืจื’ืฒื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ, 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธืžืคึผ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ. 


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ืž ืึทื™ืึธื•ื•ืงืข 


ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜, 
ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ื›ืœ ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜ ืฆื™ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืœื“ื˜ 
ืฆืขืกื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขืจืŸ ื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื“. 


ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ-ื’ืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืึทืจื™ืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืคืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื– ื‘ืึทืฆื™ืจื˜ 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืœืขืš ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขืžืœ ืื•ื™ืก 
ืึท ื™ืึธื ื˜ืขืฐืจืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืจื•ืฃ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืคึผื•ืœื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ื 

ืึท ืคื™ื™ืขืจ-ืฐืึธืจื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทื›ืœืขืก ื‘ืœื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืก ืžืจืึธื ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื, 

ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ-ืฉืžืจืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื ื‘ืœื™ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸื“ื‘ืจืขื ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื, 


1 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกื•ื™ื ืข 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกื•ื™ื ืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ. / 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื›ืึทืฐื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืงืึธืจื‘ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืžืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจืขื’. 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื›ืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ืฉืข, ืงืœืึธืจืข, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึทืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืข-ืœื™ื“ ืึทืฃ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืœื™ืคึผืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ-ืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜. 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกื•ื™ื ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ-ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึตืฃ ื”ืขืœืข ืคึฟืึทืœื“ืŸ 
ืฆืขืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืึธืŸ. 


1451 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 


ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธืžื–ืฉืข ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ื– ื”ื™ืจืฉืงืข 
ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืคึผืŸ, | 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืขืจืฉืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืข 
ืฉืคึผื™ืงืขืก ืึธื ืฆื•ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, 


ื ืึธืจ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกืขืจื˜, 
ืžื™ื ืขืžืึทืคึผ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื, 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข ื’ืขืฉืฐืืจืฆื˜, ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ, 
ืฉืœืขืคืขืจื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ 
ื•ื•ืึทืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื“ืขืจ: 


-- ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš, ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืึท ื›ืึธืœืขื ืื•ื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, 

ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ. 


(44ืŸ 


ื˜ืจืึธื  ืžื™ืš ืฉื™ืฃ 


ืžืจืึธื’ ืžื™ืš ืฉื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื™ืื ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, 
ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ ืื“ื•ืจืš ืฐื•ืึทืกืขืจ-ืฐืขื’ืŸ, 
ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืœืึทื ื“ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ. 


ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•-ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ, 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ, 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื’ืึธืœื“ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืข 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืฐืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืฅ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ-ื“ื•ืจืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. 


ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข 


ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ, ื’ืึธืœื“ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, 

ืงื•ื ืื™ืš, ืึท ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ืœื™ื ื’-ืฐื•ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืงืฐื•ืึทืœื ื“ื™ืงืข ื›ืฐืึทืœื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืงืขืืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืฉื˜ืขืคึผืขืจ-ืฒืึธืจืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื, 
ืคืึทืจืคึผื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึทื, 


ืžื™ืงืึทื“ืžืฑื ื™ื ืึทื– ืขืก ืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื 

ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืฆื• ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืฆื• ื™ืื 

ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทืฐืขื ืึทื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืฆืข-ืฉื˜ืึทื, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ืคืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ืขืกื“ื™ืง ืึท ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฆืึทื, 


45 { 


ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืŸ 


ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื”ื™ืจืฉืงืข ืฆื•ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืŸ 
ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืžืขืคึผืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ืึทื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืกื˜-ืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืข ืจื™ื™ื“, 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, 


| ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืึทืžืขืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึทืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืžื›ืึทืฉืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 


| ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืกืŸ, 


ืึทื– ืึทื›ื“ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธืœื™ืงืกืžื˜ืข ื•ืื ื˜, 
ืึทื– ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืึธื˜:ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืฐื•ืขืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืขืจืฉืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉืžืขืคึผืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื•ื™ ื ื’ื•ื˜ื™ื ืงืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืขืจ, 

ืฐืึธืก ืžื•ืกืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜. 


46 ( 


ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืœืข ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ 


ืžื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ืœ, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืึธืคึผ, 

ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจืขืจืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ื–ืึธืจื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืึทืจืึธืค. 


ื“ืึธืก ื ืึทื ืฆืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืžืœ ื‘ืึท ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ; 
ืึท ื ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืึทื– ื ืึธืจ ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜; 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžืขืงืื ืข; 
ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“. 


ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื–ืกื˜ ืึท ืคื™ื™ืขืจ, 
ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืจืขื ื˜, 
ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœืึธืžื‘ื•ืกืขืก ืžืขื“ื™ื ืข 
ืฉืึทืจืกื˜ื• ื ืึทืœื“ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. 


{ืŸ 


ืคืจื™ื™ื“ 


ืฆื•ื™ื ื ื™ื, ืฉื˜ืขืคึผืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขื, 
ืœืึธื– ื–ื™ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืขืœืŸ. 

ืฉืžืขืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ื•ืคืœื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขืœืŸ. 


ืก'ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืึทื ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข. 

ื’ืึธืœ ืึธืคึผ ื‘ืึทืงืŸ, ืฉื•ื•ืขื ืง ืึธืคึผ ืคึผืึธื ื™ื, 
ืฉื ื™ืคึผืก:ืืฑืก ื”ืขืžื“ ื“ืึธืก ืจื™ื™ื ืข. 


ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผื™ืฆืœืขืš ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 
ืงื•ื™ื ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ื™ื ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืœืขืœื™ื, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ -- 
ืกืจื•ืœืงืข --- ืขืœืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืœื™. 


ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืฑื’ืŸ; 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื ื’ืกื˜ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื™ืžืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืคื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 


} 48 { 


ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืฐื™ืœ 


ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื—ื™ืจืฉืงืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ืฆื™ืžืขืจืœืขืš ื“ืจื™ื™. 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืžืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, 

ื“ืึธืก ืžืขื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ื’ืขืฐืึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื™. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื—ื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื™ื™ืขืจื˜, 
ื’ืขืจืึทืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ืฆื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจืฉืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธื ื™ื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืฐื™ืœืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ืงื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก ืžื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืขื 
ื›ื™ื™ื ื“ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธืจื˜, ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจืฒื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื ืงืขืก ืงืึทื ืึทืจืกื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืฆืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึทืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธึทืฐื•ื ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ืœ 

ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืงืœืื ื’ ืคื™ืœื, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืคืึทืจื›ืœื™ื ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ. 


1 


ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ 


ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืœืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ, 

ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืœื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึธืœ, 
ืฆืขื•ื•ืืœื ื’ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืขื“ื ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื–ื™ ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึธื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ืขืœืขืš ืฆืขื”ืขืœืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืžื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืš ืึทืฃ ืงื•ืคึผืขืจ-ืคืœืึทืš ืฆืขืงื•ื•ืขืœืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืืœ ืคืœืขื ื˜ ืฉืœื™ื ื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืžื™ื™ืกืขืก, ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจ-ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื™-ื‘ืื‘ืึท, ืฉืขืจืœืึธืง-ื”ืึธืœืžืก ืื•ืŸ ,ืงื™ื“ ืกืคึผื™ื˜ื•ื ื™", 

ืื•ื– ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ืคืœืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืšื˜ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจืฉืงืข ืœืขืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืฉื•ื ื™. 


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ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืœ 


ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืงื•ืœ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทื–ื ืฆื™ืžืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงืข ืฉืžืึทื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึท ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฃ ืœืึทื ื’ื™ืงืข ื‘ืขื ืง 
ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื™ื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ 
ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื›ื˜ืคื•ืœ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื™ืกืขืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื–ื™'ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™'ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืืจื™ื™ืŸ 
| ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ : 

--- ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื™ืš, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืึท ื‘ืึท ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ, 

ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ืžื™ื™ืกืขืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืฃ --- 


ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืึธ ืžืึทืงืึทื‘ื™, 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืื›ื˜ 
ืึทืคืŸ ืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืกื™ืึธื”ื•, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, - 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜, ืคืึทืจื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื•ื™ื ืข, ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ. 


11 


ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ื•ื™ืœืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ 


ืงื•ื, ืขืœื™, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืึทืงืœ. 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ , ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืคึผื™ื™ืกื™ ื“ืขื ื›ืึทื–ื 'ื" 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ืึทืฃ ื˜ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฃ ืคึผื™ื™ืงืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ื™ืงืขืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืข, 
ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืึทื ืฆืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืฐื™ืกืข ืคื™ื, 

ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทื›ืขืจ ื ืœืขืฅ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืžื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืฉืจื™ื™ื˜ : ื ืึธื›ืึทืžืึธืœ, ื‘ื™ื ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืึท , ื“ื–ืฉื™ื" 

ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืœืงืขืก, ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’-ืคืขืจื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืึธืฃ ื“'ืจืขืจื“, 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ , ื‘ืขืžืกื™ื”ืขื“ ืคึผืึทืจืง" 
ืขืก ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืกืึทืงืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ืกื“ื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืงืœื•ื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึธืœ ื ื’ืึธืœ ื ืึธืš 8 ื’ืึธืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึธื ืงืกืขืจ ืึท ื’ืขืคืขืคืขืจื˜ืข ื’ืึธื‘. 


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ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 


ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ืจืฉืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ,,ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ืฉืข" ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’, 
ืžืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืžืึธืœื™ืงืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืœืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœืขืจ ืจืืฉื™ืงืข ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ื‘ืึท ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื, 

ืคืึทืจื ืึธื’ืœื˜ืข ืฉืขืคึผืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงืจืึทื›ืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึทืจื•ื 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ-ืžืึทืจืฉื™ืจืขืจ ืึตืฃ ืฉืœื™ืึทื›ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื ื ืœืฉืข ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืงืึธื™ืฐืึทื ื–ืขื˜ืฒืก ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืกื™ืกืข, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœ ืึทืฃ ืกืงืึทื˜ืกื‘ืึธืจืึธ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื’ืก ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืคื™ืกืข. 


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ืฉ ื ืค 


ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืก ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœ ื™ื•ื ื’, 
ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืง ื•ื™ ื”ืขืžืขืจ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ. 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจืžืึทืŸ ืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜ 

ืฐืึธืก ืขืœื™'ืก ืจื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื ืึทืคืขืจ. 


ื ืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืœืžืขืœืึทื›ืขืก ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืฉืืจืคืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืœื™ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคึผื™ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื”ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก. 


--- ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื– ื–ื™ืš, ืขืœื™, ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืŸ, 
ื”ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืžืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื™ืฆืข, 
ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึท , ืจืขื™ื–" 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืข. 


ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ืึทืŸ 


ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื”ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืึทื ืฒืžืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืจ-ืื•ืŸ-ืื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื™ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ-ืžื™ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื™ืง ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืจื™ื™ื“ : 


--- ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื–ืŸ, 
ื”ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜, 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึทืžืข-ืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ -- 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜. 
-- ื”ืึธืคื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ -- 
ื‘ืึทื ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ื’ืจื™ื™ืžืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืืš! 


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ื“ื• ืคืจืขื ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš 


ื“ื• ืคืจืขื’ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืงื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื™ื ื, 

ืคึฟืึทืจืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“, ื‘ืึท ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื™ืŸ. 
ืคึผืึทืจืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืข ืคึฟืึทืœืง, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื‘-ืื•ืŸ-ื’ื•ื˜ืก 

ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืงืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ. 


ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืš ืึทืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึทืฃ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ื ืขืจ 

ืคึผืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืขืžืœื•ืจืึท ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื ืึธ. 

ื ืึธืจ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทืฐืข ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ืขื ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ --- 

ืึทื– ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธ. 


ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ื ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ-ืžืืกืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“ื™ืคืœืขืง ืึธืคึผื ืขืฐืึทืฉืŸ. 


ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™-ื–ืฉืข, ืงื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื™ื ืก, ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ืœืฑื‘ื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ-ืœืึทื ื“, 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื•ื•ืข ื‘ื ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“, 

ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“ ื‘ืึท ื“ืขื ืจื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ-ืžืึทืกืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“. 


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ืฉ ืคึผืึทื ื™ืข 


ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื ืึทืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉืžื™ืœืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืก 
ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ืงื™ื ื“'ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ. 


ืึธ, ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ื ืึทืก, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื–ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืคึผื™ืฆืœ ืงื™ื ื“, 

ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื ื“ื™ืง ืคื™ื™ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืคื™ืœ ื“ืขื ืึธื ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. 


ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืจื•ืื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืก ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“-ืื•ืŸ-ืงื™ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ : 
ืึธ, ืงื•ื ืคืึทืจืžื˜ืฒื™ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜. 


ืึธ, ื“ืจื™ืžืœ ืื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœ ื’ืึทืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึทืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืœืข, ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืึนื™ืš ืœืึธื“ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœื•ื•ืขืจ-ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืš ืคึผืึทืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ืŸ. 


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ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืœื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทืก ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืคื™ื ืงืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ. 


ืึท ื‘ืœืึทืคืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ื‘ืึทื ืจืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ'ืก ื‘ืขื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคื ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืœ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ-ืจืขื ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ : 


-- ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืœืึทืคืขื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 

ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึท ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 

ื–ื™ื™ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืœื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš, 


ื’ื™ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ 


ื’ื™ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื ืœื™ืง ื“ื™ืš ืึทืคึผืŸ ืฐื•ืขื’ ื‘ืึทื ืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜, 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš ืžื•ื– ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ. 


ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืฃ 
ืึทื– ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ื• ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืืžืขืŸ, 

ื ื™ื™ ื ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื›ืข-ืฐืึธืจื˜, 

ื’ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ. 


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ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื›ืข 


-- ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื˜ืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื›ืข, 

ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 

ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืคื•ืœืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืึธื ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง. 


--- ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื• ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉืžื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ 
ืžื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื‘ืึทื ืœืฒื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ, 


ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืžื™ื™ื ืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ืžืŸ, 
ื“ืึธืš ื–ืข ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืึทื– ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ, 


ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ 


ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื”ืขืœืข ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืœ, 

ื–ื™ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืขืœื™'ืก ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ื”ืึทืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ืข ืฉืžื™ื™ื, 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจ. 


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ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ืš ื ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ืš ื ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ 

ื˜ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื”ื™ืจืฉืงืข ืœืขืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ื–ืขืžื™ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืก. 


ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ืึท ืคื™ื™ื’ืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืœืึทื–ืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืฐืขืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ? 


ืึธ, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 

ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื˜ืฉ 

ืึทื– ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื ืขืจื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 


ืึธืคึผืฉื™ื™ื“ 


ืื“ื™ืข, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื•ืŸ-ืฉืžืึธื˜ ื‘ืื ื™ืึตื 

ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืง, 

ืฆื™ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฉืขื ืง ืื™ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. 


ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืข ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ 

ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, 

ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืึทืฉื ืขื ืฉืžืึทื 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข --- ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืืฃ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 
ืึทืฐืขืงืœืขื ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื™, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžืึธืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื›ื, 

ืึทื– ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™, 


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ืื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื ืงืึธืœืŸ ืึทื ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉืขื“ ืขืจื“ 


ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉืข, 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึธื ืึทื“ืข 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืืฑื™ื ืื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื ืงืึธืœืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืงื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืึทื“ืข. 


ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒืขืจ, 
ื–ื™ื’ืขืจ ื‘ื ื›ืึทืจืึทืžืข, 

ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ื ื– ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉืžืจื™ื™ืคืŸ, ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืจืึทื•ื•ืข. 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฐืึทืœื•ื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ 


ื‘ืึทื ืขื‘ืจืึธ ื˜ื™ื™ืš, 

ื ืึธืš ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜, 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืฐื™ืœืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ. 
-- ืึธ, ืฉื•ืคึผื™ืŸ, ื‘ืึตื™! 

-- ืึท, ืขืœื™, ื“ื™ืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ. 


ื‘ืึทื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื, 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜, 
ืคืึทืจืฆื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขื ืจื•ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ืงื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื, 
ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืฐืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 


02 


ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื˜ืฐื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ืึทื“ืข 


ืึทื– ืคืจื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉืข ืขืจื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคืึทืฉื™ืกื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“, 
ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉื˜ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ 
ืึท ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืจืึธืžืข ืžืึทืจืฉื™ืจื˜, 


ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืœืงื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืŸ 
ืืฃ ื‘ืึทื ื ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกืงืขืก ืฆืขื’ืœื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉืข ื”ืึทืจืฅ 
ืฉืœืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื“, 


-- ื”ืขื™, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืจืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 

ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจื˜ื™ืจืขืจืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื, 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึทืฃ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืจื“ 

ื•ื•ืื• ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืึทืคืŸ ืคืœืื? 


--- ืึทื– ืคืจื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉืข ืขืจื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืžืืจืฉื™ืจืŸ 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, 


ืคืึทืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธื˜ื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืึทืžืขื, 

ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืื•ื ื’ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืึธืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืžืึทืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื ืึทื“ืขืก. 


11 


ืึท ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ 


ืื™ืš ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื™ืš ืขืœืžืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉืžืึธื˜ ืึทืœืžื™ืจืข, 

ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืจืฑื™ื˜ืŸ-ืงืจื™ื™ืฅ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืื™ืจืข, 


ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืžื‘ื•ืœืึทื ืก ืื™ื– ืฉืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื™ืึธื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืึทืคึผื ืขืœืŸ, 
ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืฉืฒ 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขืœืข-ื—ื™ืœืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืขืœืŸ, 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื–ืขืจืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื–ืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขืœืข ื’ืœื™ืง, 

ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ื˜-ื–ืฉืข ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืœืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืื•ื ื– ืื•ื™ืกืงืขืžืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื’. 


ืึทืœืžื™ื“ืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœ 


ืืœืžื™ืจืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ื‘ืจืึธึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœ, 

ืึทืœืžื™ืจืข ืฉื™ืงื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ-ืกืืœื•ื˜, 
ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืœื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขืจืฉืขื•ื•, 
ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืึทืžื‘ื•ืœืึทื ืก-ืจืึธื“. 


ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื™ื ืข ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื’ืจื™ืฃ 

ืึทืฃ ืคึผืจืึทื›ืžืคื•ืœืŸ ื”ืึทืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืฐื™ืœืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ 
ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืคืœืึธื˜. 


ืขืก ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืึทืฃ ื”ืึทืœื‘-ืžืึทืกื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืึทืคึผืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ. 


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ื“ืึธืก ืžืึทืกืŸ - ื”ืึทืจืฅ 


ืขืก ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืฐื™ืœ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืœื“. 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืขืจ ืฆืขื ืžืขืจ. 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, 
ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื ืขืžื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืึทืจื•ื 
ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืฆื™ื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืืžืขืŸ. 


ืึท ื˜ืึทื˜ื 'ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืื• ืขืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื˜ 
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™'ืก ืคืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ืงืจืึทื ืฅ 
ืึทืฆื™ื ื“ ืึธืฃ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขื ืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืขืœื™'ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื˜ืฉ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึธ, 
ื‘ืขืฉืืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื’ืขื ืืจื˜ 
ืึทื– ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืข 

ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืžืฒ. 


51 


ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืึทืžื™ื•ื•ืŸ 


ืึท ื“ืึทื ืœ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืขื–ืœืขื ื“ื™ืกืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ- ืงื•ืึตืœ, 
ืึท ื“ืึทื ืก ื“ืขื ื’ืจื™ื’ืขื ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžื’ืข ื‘ืœื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื’ื˜. 


ื’ืืจ ื›ึดื™ื”ื˜ึธื‘ ื˜ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ื“ืขื ืกื˜ืขืค ืคึผืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืึทืฃ ื›ืฐืึทืœื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœืขื’ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืขืึธืŸ 
ืืจ ืคื˜ึธื•ื™ืง ืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื•ืก ืžืฒืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ 
ืฐื˜ืื• ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึทื“ืกืึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืกื˜-ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืœืขื ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื™ืึทื, 

ื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžืœืขืŸ, 

ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ - ื˜ื•ืจืขืžื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ - ืงืึทื, 


ืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืึท ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ, 

ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืงืŸ, 

ืงืœื™ื ื’ - ื’ืขืงืœืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ - ืกื™ืจืขื ืขื -- 
ืฐืึทื ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ. 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฑื›ื‘ืึทืŸ, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 
ื›ืฐืึทืœื™ืขื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ - ื™ืึทื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธืœ - ื‘ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ. 


671 


ืฉื˜ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื–ืŸ 


ืื™ื™ื–ืขืจื ืข ื‘ืึทืœืงื ืก, ืฉื˜ืึธืœืขื ืข ืจืขืœืกืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื’ื›ืขืจ-ื‘ืึทื’ื ืขื˜, 
ื˜ื•ืจืขื ื•ื™ ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ, ืฉืžืึธืงืŸ ื•ื™ ืจื™ืคึฟืŸ; 
ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืึท ื’ื™ื ืึทื ื˜, ืึท ืกืงืขืœืขื˜. 


ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉืžืึธื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ - ืžืึทืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืžื•ืกืงื•ืœืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืึทื ื’, 

ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ืขื ืข ืœื™ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืŸ ื ื’ืœื™ืžืขืจ 
ื“ื•ื ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืืœ ื ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’. 


ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืœืŸ ืืฃ ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก ืฆืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ; 
ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจืขืœืกืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธืœืขื ืขื ืคึผืจืึทืœ; 
ืฉื™ืคืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืืข, 
ืคึผืฑืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ ื ืคื™ื™ืขืจ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ. 


ืจืึทืคึผื˜ืึธื ืึทื ื˜ืฉื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืข ืฐืึทืœืฆืŸ, 
ืคึผืึทืจืึทื ืงืขืจื˜ ืคึผืขื“ืึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืœืขืงืžืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขื™ืขื’. 
ืงืœืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ืžืขืจ, ืฆืขืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžืขื’. 


ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืฒื™ืžืคึผืœืฒืฆื™ืงืข ืจื™ื–ืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ. 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืŸ, 
ืฆื™ื ืึทืจ - ื”ืึทืœืขื•ื•ืขืฉืงืข ืคืืจื‘ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, 


ื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืœ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, 

ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืืกืŸ - ื’ืขื“ืจืื ื’. 
ืฉืžื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœ- ืจืขืฉืžืขื•ื•ืื ื™ืขื, 
ื‘ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจืŸ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœื™ืฉ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’. 


8 { 


,ื”ืขื ืจื™ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“" 


ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืขืฅ 

ืื™ื– ื”ืขื ืจื™ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื ื’ืกื˜ืขืจ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืคึผ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื“, 

ื“ืึธืš ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืึทืก --- ,ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื–ื™ื ื™ืง", 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก: โ€ , 
,ื”ืขื ืจื™ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“". ' 


ืก'ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื ื—ืึทืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขื ืจื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืงื ืก 

ื‘ื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, 

ื'ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ - ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขื ืจื™, 
ืึท ืœื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, - 

ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืžืœ, 


ืก'ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืขื ืจื™, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื•ื™ื“ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื™ืคืขืจ, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข -- ื ื™ืึทื˜; 
ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ - ื’ืขื ื’ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื›ื™ืจืขืก, 
ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜. 


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ืจืึธื› ืœ 


ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐื™ืœื™ืืžืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืจื™ืง, 
ืขืก ืคึผืœืึทืคึผืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืคึผืึทื˜ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ืคึผ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœื™ืคึผ ืฆื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ. 


-- ืึท ืจืึทื›ืœ, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ, ื ืขื ื ื•ืจืข ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื ืขืžื˜ ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ. 

-- ืึท ื”ืขื ืจื™, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง, 
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืข, ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจื™ืึธื’ืŸ. 


-- ืึท ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืžื•ื™ื“, ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™, 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง. - 

-- ืึท ื”ืขื ืจื™, ืึท ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ื ื ืขื ืžื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืœืฑื‘ื™ืง. 


ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ... 


ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข, 

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉ- ืึทืจืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธื›ืœ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื˜ืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ. 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืœืึทืžืข, 

ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืึทืจืŸ, 

ืื– ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ. 


ืงื•ื, ื”ืขื ืจื™, ืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ 

ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืึทื ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉ - ืึทืจืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ืจื™ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 


01 


ื›ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ื ืขืฆืขืœื ... 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ื ืขืฆืขืœื˜, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ,ืขืœ", 

ื•ื•ืื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืŸ ืฉื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืึธืคึผื ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ - ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆืŸ -- ืฆืขืฉืขืจื‘ืœืžืข ื•ื•ืขืจืžืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืื• ืžืขืฉืขื ืขืจ ืฐืึทื ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืค'ื’ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืงื˜ืึทืคืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืœ 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืขืจืŸ ื›ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืžื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืึทืกืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืื• ืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืข ืฉื™ืš ืงื ืืคืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ. ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ-ืื•ื™ืก ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึทืฃ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ-ืคึผืึทืจืงืขื˜; 

ื•ื•ืื• ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืึธืŸ ืฆื™ื ื“ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ - ื‘ืึทื’ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื ืกืึทืจืคืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืฑืœืึทื ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ืงืœื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื™ 8 ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ - ืจืึทืงืขื˜. 


ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืื• ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืึธืก 


ื“ืึธืจื ื•ื•ืื• ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืึธืก 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืก 
ืฆืึธืจืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื˜ืจืขืจ, 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืงื ืึทืกื˜, 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืงื ื™ืคึผื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืขืจ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื•ืจืš ืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื”ืึธื“ืกืึทื ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืคืœื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื™ ื’ืœื™ืื™ืงืข ืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง. 


211 


ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ื™ื›ืœืขืจ 


ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉ- ืึทืจืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื™ื›ืœืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืฐืึทืš ืคื™ืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ. 


ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจืึธื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืจื™ ืงื™ื ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, 

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืงืื‘ืจืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืขื ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืขื ืึธืจืŸ. 


ื•ื•ืื• ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืจืขื ืขื ืกื˜ืขืคึผ? 
ื•ื•ืื• ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื ื™ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ? 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ื™ืขืก ืฆืขืฉืžืขืคึผื˜ 

ืืฃ ืคึผืึทืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก - ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ. 


ื™ื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ 


ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืŸ 

ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ื™ื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ. 
ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ - ืื•ื™ื ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ืขืžืŸ, 

ืื•ืžืจื• - ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ -- ื”ืึทืจืฅ - ื‘ืึทื ืขืจ. 


ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื - ืฆื™ื™ื˜, 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜. 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฆื™ืžืขืจื. 


ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื•ืงืึธืคึผื ื ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื™ืกืŸ. 

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื - ืžืจื™ื˜ ืึทืฃ ืึทืกืคืึทืœื˜ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ - ืฉืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ. 


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ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืขืจ 


ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืฑืกืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืžืึทื ื”ืขืžืŸ, 
ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืืกืŸ 

ืึท ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ ืฆืขืจื•ื™ืขืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืจื•ืงืขื ืข ืฆื™ื ื’ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืœืคื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืžื˜ืจืขืงืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ืขืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื ืข ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 


ืฉืึทืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ืŸ, 

ืื™ื™ื ื–ืื ืึทืฃ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืคืงื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืงืฉืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื™ืŸ 8 ืฆืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืœืกืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืงืขืจื˜ ืฆืขืงื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืข ื”ืึทืžืขืœืŸ. 


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ื™ื•ื ื ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืงืึธื˜ืึท 


ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืงืึทื˜ื, 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธ ืึตืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ ? 
ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืงื• ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืข, 
ืคืึทืจืงืœืึทืžืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ. 


ืคึผื•ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ-ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืคึผืœื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ืื ืขืŸ, 
ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื›ืžื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ-ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืžืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ืขืŸ 
ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื ื’ืฐืึทืจื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸ. 


ืงืœืึธืขื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึทื‘ืข ื‘ืจืึธื ืงืข 
ื”ื™ืจื–ืฉืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ืข. 
ืึทืคึผืœืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืืฃ ืœืึธื ืงืข, 

ืฆื•ื ื’ --- ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทื ื•ืฉื™ื ืข. 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืžืŸ 

ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืžืจื•-ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ-ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ. 


ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืคืืจืžืขืจ ืฆื™ื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื‘ืึท ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ. 
ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ื™ื ืคึผืœืึทืžื™ืง ื•ื™ ื ืคืึธืŸ 
ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ืึทืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ. 


41 


ื ืขื’ืขืจ - ื™ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื‘ืึทืžืึท 


ื ืขื’ืขืจ-ื™ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึฟืœืึทื‘ืึทืžื, 

ืฐื•ืึธืก ืžื•ืกืžื• ื“ืึธ ืึตืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ ? 

ืึทืฃ ืงืึทื˜ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืงืœืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืข, 
ื’ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ืจืขืจ, 


ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื ืคืœื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืกื™ืกื™ืคึผื™ ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ 

| ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 
ืฉื˜ืึธืœ ืงืœื™ื ื ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ -- - 
ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ-ืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ืฅ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ. 


ืึทื ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึท ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืœื˜ืข 
ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึทื•ื•ืขืจ'ืก ื™ื•ื ื’ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 
ืงืขื ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืžืจื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื–ื™ื™ื ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ืึธืจืœื™ื ืก 

ืฐืึธื’ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืžืึทืจืžืข, 
ืฉืขื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜, 
ืžื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ืฆืึทืจืžืข. 


ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ื ืขื’ืขืจ ืคืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ื‘ืจืึทื ื“, 

ื ื™ื˜ืึท ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ื™ืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืœืึทืžืขืจื˜ ื”ืึทื ื˜, 
ืฉื˜ืฉืขืžืขื˜ ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ. 


{ 25ืŸ 


ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ--ืื™ืจื™ืœื™ืข 


ืขืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฑืœื˜ืึธื’, 
ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื ื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธื’ 
ื‘ืึทืฉืคึผืจื™ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืกืึธืžื™ื ืึทืฃ ืฆืขืคึผืจื™ืขื˜ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ. 


ืขืก ื“ืจื™ืžืœื˜ ืฐืึธืจืขื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ืœื“ื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ืจืขื, 
ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืฉืžืึธืœืฐืึทืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฒืขืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืคืึทืจืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ืข ืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ. 


ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื›ืœืข ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ - ื‘ืœืขื ื“ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื‘ืœื•ื“ื ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆืขืคึผืึทืžืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืคืœืขืงื˜, 
ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ืึทืฃ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื˜ืึธืคึผืึทืœ-ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜. 


ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืœืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ืื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ื™ื : 

-- ื›ืข, ื›ืข! ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ื’ื™ื ืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 
ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืึทืจืึธื ื™ื ! 


ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื›ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื‘ืจื™ืง ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทืคึผื˜ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ : 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื–ืŸ - ืกื˜ืจื™ื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืจืข ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืœื˜ืŸ 
ืึท ืฆืึธืจืŸ - ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขืงืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ - ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. 


62 


ื‘ืึทื ืกืึทืจืคื™ืงืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 


ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืึทื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืฆืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ. 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื ืžืขืจืข ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจ : 


-- ืงื•ื, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, 
ื’ืœื™ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, 
ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืขื ืข ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก 

ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜. 


-- ืงื•ื, ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืึธื“ื™, 
ืฆื•ื ืึธื˜ึฟึนืขื ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ. 
ืื™ื ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืื™ื– ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืจ 
ืฆื• ืคืจื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ. 


-- ืฐืึธืจืฃ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ, 
ืœืขื’ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜. 

ืึท ืคื•ื ืง ืฆื• ืึท ืคื•ื ืง 

ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจืึทื ื“, 


-- ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืึธืจืขื. 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืกืจื™ื™ืคืข, 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื, 


11 


2 ืกืขื™, ื‘ืึฒื“ื™ ื™ , 


--- ืกืขื™, ื‘ืึธื“ื™, -- | 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื ื“, 
ื•ื•ืื• ื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ื ื”ืึทื ื˜, 
ื•ื•ืื• ืื™ื™ื ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“. 


--- ืคืขื™, ื‘ืึธื“ื™, --- 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื ืœืึทื ื“, 

ื•ื•ืื• ืจื™ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจืขื-ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, 
ื•ื•ืื• ื›ืึทืฐื•ืขืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืžื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื™ืื˜ ืฆืขื˜ืžื™ื™ืœื˜. 


ื ืกืขื™, ื‘ืึธื“ื™, = 

ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ-ื–ืฉืข ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ 
ื›ืึทืฉืขืฐ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜? 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจืขื ืงื™ื ื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–-ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ ? 


*-ื™ื™ื˜ ืกืขื™, ื‘ืึธื“ื™, = 

ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸื“ื–ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึท ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ 
ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืฆืข - ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, 
ื ืฉืœืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืš 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ? 


81 


ื“ืขืจืฐืึทื›ื•ื ื’ 


ื”ืขื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ืจื™ืžืœ, 

ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืœืขืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืžืขืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืขื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจื˜ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ืœืขื ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธืง 

ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื™ืง ื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ :' 

--- ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ! 


ื”ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื. 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜. 
ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคึผืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจืขื, 

ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื™ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“: 
-- ืึท ืงืœืึธื’ ืื™ื™ืš, ื ืงืœืึธื’, 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืึท ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ! 


9 { 


ืืž ืื™ 


ืžืึทืกืŸ ืคื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ืงืœืขืš, 
ืžืขืฉ ื’ืขืงืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ืš ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ื‘, 
ืžื™ื™ืขืจ - ืคืึทื ืขืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืœืขืŸ 
ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื™ืึธื ื˜ืขืฐื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื’. 


ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ ืึทืฃ ืึทืงืกืœ, 
ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื ืึทื ื’, 

ื‘ืจื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืœ, 
ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’. 


ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืœื™ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื ืึทืงืŸ, 
ื‘ื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืจื™ื’ืึทื“ืขืก ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืฉืžืขื ื™ืขืก ื–ื•ืŸ, 
ืคึผืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึทืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ - ืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื˜ืŸ, 
ืฉืึทืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ. 


ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื—ื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ, 
ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื. 
ืฉื˜ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืœื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืฉืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืกื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื. 


{1 


ืึท ื™ืึธื ื˜ืขืฐ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืžืŸ 


ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ืžืœ, ืžื™ืื˜ ื™ื•ื ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“, 

ื ืึธืš ืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ, 

ืื™ื– ืžืึทื™ื™ืคืจืฒื™ื“ ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืืกืŸ 

ื•ื•ืื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธื ื˜ืขืฐื• ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืœื™ื ืœืžื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ืฆืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืฆื™ืจืŸ -- 

ืึท ืžื•ื™ื“, ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืขืจ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึทืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืกืคึผืึทืœื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ืึทืคื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืฉืขืคึผืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœืึธืฆื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึทืงืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. 


ืึทืฃ ืขื•ื•ืขื ื™ื• ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ืึธื ืžืขื• 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึทืฐื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืกืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืœืขืš ืึทืฃ ื“ื™ ืึธืคืขื ืข ื“ืขืงืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกืŸ. 


81 { 


ื”ืึทืจืœืขืžืขืจ ืžืขืœืึธืก 


ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ืขืจืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง-ื˜ืึธืŸ 


ืึท. ืžืึทื˜ืึธื ืข ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฐืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืคื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึทืฃ .ื™ื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ-ืคืœืฆื™ืก". 


ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืขื˜ื‘ื•ืฉ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขืกืœ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื™ืจ, 
ืื˜ ืฒื“ื™ืฉืข ื ื’ืขื’ืขืจืฉืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึท ืืฒืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 


ืื”ื• ืฐืขืŸ ื˜ึทืฐื’ื˜ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธื˜ืขื‘ืขืŸ ืึทืจืขืžืข ื“ื™ืจืขืก, 

ืคืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืึทืฃ ื˜ืจืขืค ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, 

ืจื™ ืจื•ืฉืขื˜ืกืึธื ืก, ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผื™ืจืึธืก. 


ื’ืึธืจ ืจืฒื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื›ืขืกืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื’ื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื”ืึธึทืก 
ืื” ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื’ืข ื”ืฒื–ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืฉืข ื’ืึทืก. 


111 


ื“ื•ื“ 111 1111 ืจื•ืจื‘ ืจ ืŸื’ื• ื• ืœื’ื“ |ื•ื•ืŸื”ืฆื•ืœืฆืื•ืจืŸ 


4 ื•ื˜ ืž"ื”ื•ื—" 


= 
= 
: 
3 
2 
ืจ = 
= 


ืื‘ื‘ ื ื™ื™ 
/ ืœื“ื™ื™ ื”ื : 
3 ื™ื‘ืœ ืจ ื™ื™ : 


2 2 ืž3ื” 
, ืื ื˜1 


{ = ืคื– 
+ืœื• 
ืื™ 7 
ื’ ื”ื• 
2.4 
ื™ื™ืจื“ 
1 
ืฆื• 


ืœื™ื“ 
ื‘ืื” 5 
= ื˜ 


ื”ืึทืจืœืขื ืื™ืŸ ืžืจืึทื ื˜ืขืก 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื”ืึทืจืœืขื ืึท ื‘ืึธืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืฉื™ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืœืขื›ืฆืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืœื™ืง, 

ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืข -- 
ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืจื™ืง, 


ืึธืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืงืกื™, 

ืึทืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขื™ืกืึทืŸ, 
ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืกืงืึทื˜ืกื‘ืึธืจืึธ, 
ืงืขืžืคึผ-ื—ื™ืœ, ืึทืžืœืึทื ื˜ื, 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจืŸ -- 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืืจืœืขื ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื—ื™ื™ืกืŸ, 


ื”ืึทืจืœืขื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืจืึธืœืก 
ืฉืึทืจืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื”ืึทืจืœืขื ืึท ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืจืข 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ. 
ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืฉืึทืœืŸ ืึท ืจื•ืฃ, 

ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆืึธืจื ื˜ืข -- 
ืคื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ : 


ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืงืกื™, 

ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขื™ืกืึทืŸ, 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืกืงืึทื˜ืกื‘ืึธืจืึธ, 
ืงืขืžืคึผ-ื”ื™ืœ, ืึทื˜ืœืึทื ื˜ื, 
ืึทื–ืฑ:ืื•ืึทืฐื™ - 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ! 


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ื•ื•ื™ื’-ืœื™ื“ 


ื“ืขื ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ'ืก ื–ื™ื ื“ืœ, ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื, 
ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื’ืŸ, 

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืขื’ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ ื“ื–ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉ 
ืงืขืŸ ืคึผื™ืฆืœ ื”ืึทืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื“ ืคึผืึทืจื•ืฑื™ื’ืŸ: 


,ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–." 


,ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืึทืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ : 

--- ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื ืขื’ืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื ืึธืš ืงืึธืจืŸ! 
ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: -- ื™ืขืก, ืกืคืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื, 

ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ," 


, ื“ืึทืŸ ืฐื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ืขืŸ ืคืขืจื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ืงืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืคื˜ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืœืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ." 


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ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐื•ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ืž ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืขืฉื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’, 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืขืฉื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง, 


ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทื˜ื ื“ืœ ืคึผืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื•ืขื’, 
ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ื ื“ืœ ืคึผืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื•ืขื’, 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขึถืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 


ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฉื™ืคืขืœืข ืฆื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’, 
ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฉื™ืคืขืœืข ืฆื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’, 
ืขืคึผืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง. 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืฉืžืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื, 

ื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ืึท ื ื™ืงืœ, ื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ื ื“ืึทื™ื, 

ื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ืึท ืงืฐืึธื“ืขืจ, ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึทืœื™ืŸ, 

ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ. 


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ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืื•ื”ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืื•ื”ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืื•ื”ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืžืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืึทืœื™ืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ืข ืžื•ื™ื, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 

ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืื• ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื™ื™ื ื ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืื• ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืื• ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ. 


ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ, ื‘ืึธืจื•ื•ืขื ื“ื™ ืคื™ื, 
ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ, ื‘ืึธืจื•ื•ืขื ื“ื™ ืคื™ื, - 
ื›'ื’ื™ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ ืื™ื–, 
ื›'ื ื™ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ ืื™ื–, 
ื•ื•ืื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ ืื™ื–. 


ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, 

ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, 

ืžืึธืœืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœ, ืœื™ื•ืœืงืข ืึทืฃ ืฐืึทื ื˜, 

ืžืึธืœืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœ, ืœื™ื•ืœืงืข ืึทืฃ ืฐืึทื ื˜, 
ืœื™ื•ืœืงืข ืึตืฃ ืฐืึทื ื˜. 


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ืง ืœืึธื•ื“-ื ื™ืœ 


ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจื•ื›ืคึผืขืจ-ื–ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืžื™ื™ืขื 
ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ืื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžื˜-ืจื•ื™ ืขืกืŸ, 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืคึผื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื”ื™ืจืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืฆืขื•-ืงืœื™ื ื’, 

ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืึทื˜ืขืก ื‘ืจืึทื ื“ ืฆืขืคืจืขืกืŸ, - 

ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ-ืฉื ื™ืฅ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ืœื˜ 

ืคืึทืจ ืœื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืกื•ืื•ื•ืขื ื™ืจืŸ. 


ืงืœืึธื•ื“ ื ื™ืœ, ืึทืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืœืขื 
ืฐื•ืึธืœืกื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸืš-ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 

ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืกื•ื™ื ืข ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ื™ืš, / 
ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ื’ืขืคึผืขื ื˜ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ -- 
ืึท ืจื™ื ื“ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ื—ื™ื ื˜ 
ืฆืขื ืจื™ื–ืฉืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื•ื•ืื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜, 

ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ื, 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ, ื ื™ืœ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ื ื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ ืึธืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืžืึทื ื•ืžืขื ื˜. 


1 


ืึทืคึผืจื™ืงืึทื ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ 


-- ื˜ืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืข, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืงื ืึทืกืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื”ืขืœืข ื–ื•ืžืขืจืก ืึตืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ื™ื ืฆืขื’ืึธืกืŸ. 
ืงื•ื ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื›ืึธืกืŸ ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื, 

ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืคึผืขืจืก ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื. 


-- ืžืึทืžืข, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ืข ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ. 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ 

ืžืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™. 


ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืึท ืกืึทืจืคื™ืงืข ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึทื’ื“ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืขื›ื˜ ืึตืฃ ืกืคึผืึทืœืึธืฉืขื˜ืŸ ืคืขืจื“. 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึผืึทืœืžืข ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืœื“ 
ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืœื“, 


ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 8 ืคื™ืฉืขืจ ื ืคืœืึทื 

ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื–ืœืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื›ืฐืึทืœื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึทื, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืฐื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืึทืฃ ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึตืฃ ืงื•ืกื˜ 
ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ืœืขื’ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืึทืฃ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜. 


--- ืงื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื™ื ืก, ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’, 
ืึทื– ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’. 

ื’ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ื ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ ืฐืึธืœืกืžื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™. 


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ืจ ื– ืฉ ืข ืž ืึท ื™ ืž ืึท 


ืึทืฃ ื”ืืจืœืขืžืขืจ ื’ืืก 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืขืžืึทื ื™ืขืž 

ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืŸ : 

,ื”ืึทื ื™, ืึทืจ ื™ื• ืœืึธื•ื ืกืึธื ื˜ื•ื ืึทื™ื˜?" 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึฟืจืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจื ืึทื ืฐืขื, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืžื™ื• 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ืฒื: -- 


--- ืงื•ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ 
ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจืขื ืขื ื“ืึธืœืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ - 

ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธื’ื˜. 

ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืกืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืžื™ืจ ื ืงืืœืข, 

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื– ื•ื•ืื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 

ื‘ื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธื’. 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธ, ื“ื–ืฉืขืžืื™ืžื, 

ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆืžืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื™ื’ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื. 
ืœืึธื– ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ ืงืขืœื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืืจืคื™ืงืŸ ืงื™ืžืขืจ, 

ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ื™ืกืŸ, 

ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื. . 


1ืŸ 


ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื–ืฉืขืžืึทื™ืžื, 
ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืกืึทืจืคืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืกืŸ, 
ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืฆืขื‘ื™ื™ืžืŸ. 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืึตืฃ ื’ืึทืกืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืœืง ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 


ืขืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ 


ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: 

ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขื™ืš-ื’ืขื ื’ ืฆืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 
ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืึทืžืขืจ ืึตืฃ ืฉืžื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื–ื™ ืฆืขืฉื ื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ. 


ืึธ ืงืขืคึผื˜ืŸ, ืึท ืงืขืคึผื˜ืŸ, ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ, 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื ืจืขืžื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. 

ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืึทืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจืขืžืขืจ ื ืขื’ืขืจืฉืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™, 
ืฐืึธืก ื•ืึทืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™. 


ื ืงืขืคึผื˜ืŸ, ืึธ ืงืขืคึผื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. 
ืขืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 

ืขืก ืœื™ื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฉืึทืฐืขืจื˜ ืึตืฃ ืฉืžื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ืฆืขืคืจืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืื ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ. 


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ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ืฉืœื™ืกืœ 


ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงืึทื•ืข, 
ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ื™ื™, 
ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ืฉืœื™ืกืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™! 


ืื•ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื•ื™, ืคึผืึทืฐืึทืœื™ืข ื“ืจื™ื™, 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ื™. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืงืึธืกืขื˜ ื”ื™ื™, 

ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™! 


ืื•ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื•ื™, ืคึผืึทืฐืึธืœื™ืข ื“ืจื™ื™, 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ืžื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ื™. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ 

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืงืœืืค ื’ืขื ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™! 


ืื•ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื•ื™, ืคึผืึทืฐืึทืœื™ืข ื“ืจื™ื™, 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ื™. 


{ 5 ืŸ 


ืื™ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื-ื˜ืจื™ื˜, 
ืื™ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืึท ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™, 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฃ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ืš ืœื™ื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื™ื™! 


ืื•ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื•ื™, ืคึผืึทืฐืึธืœื™ืข ื“ืจื™ื™, 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ื™. 


ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึธืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืข, 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฆืขืžืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ืฉืœื™ืกืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ โ€ - 


ืื•ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
| ืื•ื™,, ืคึผืึทืฐื•ืึทืœื™ืข ื“ืจื™ื™, 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึทืš ื•ื™ื™. 


ื ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข 


ืึท ื ืขื’ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ 
ืึทืจื•ืฑืกื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืึทืฃ ื˜ืจืึทืžื•ืึทืจ, 
ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืขื˜, 

ืึท ืœื™ื ืงืึธืœืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜, 

ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืข ื ื™ืžืึทืจ. 


1ืืคืš 


ืก'ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื•ื™ ื ืžื™ื™ืกืข, 
ืคื™ืœ ื ืขื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข 

ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื˜ืŸ. 

| ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื, | 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– -- | 
ื“ืึธืก ืžืขื‘ืœ, ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ;. 


ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 

ืึทืฃ ืคืึธืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื” ืคืขืจื“ -- 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื“ืจืขืง" ืฆื•ื ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื˜ืจืึธื ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื ืขืจ 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขื ืขืจ, - 
ืคึผืึทืจื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขื›ื˜ืŸ. 


ืคืืจื‘ื“ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื 


ืคืึทืจื›ืจื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 

ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืžืืจืฉืจื•ื˜ 

ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืข. 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ 

ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืžื•ืกืงื•ืœื™ืกื˜ืข. 


ื’ืขืคืึทืœืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’, 

ืคืึทืจ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืœื™ืง, 

ืคืึทืจ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ ืงืขื ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ. 
ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืจื™ื‘, 

ืึทื– ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื’, - 

ืคืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื ืขื’ืขืจืฉืข ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ. 


| 


ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜: 


ืฐื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ = -ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ = == 22 8 
ืคืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื ืจ 
ื‘ืจืึทื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœ = ื“ื™ == == == == == 18 
ืขืœื™ ืฉืขืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ - -- -- -- 44 


ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ืŸ -- -- -- 68 
ื”ืึทืจืœืขืžืขืจ ืžืขืœืึธืก - -- -- 83 


ืฉืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืกื˜ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ื”ื™ืœืฃ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ,ืึทื›ืฆืฅ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ื™ืง'ืคื™ืจื™ 


ื™ืข ื•ื•ื• 
ืืฉ 


ื‘ื™ ื•ื•ืข 2 


ืื•ื™ืคื’ืคื•ื˜ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืจื•ืจืš 
ื“ืฒื ืžื˜ื›ืึทื‘ื˜ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฆึธืจ 
;ืคึผืจืึธืžืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืฆืก", 119 ืคืฆืจื˜ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืฆื ื™ื•ื• ื . ื™.